Electromagnetic waves are a fundamental concept in physics. They consist of two oscillating fields: an electric field and a magnetic field. These fields are always perpendicular to each other and to the direction in which the wave travels. For example, if the wave moves along the x-axis, the electric field might oscillate up and down (along the y-axis), while the magnetic field oscillates side to side (along the z-axis). Both fields vary sinusoidally with time and space, and they are synchronize