A probability density function (PDF) describes the likelihood of different outcomes for a continuous random variable.

In some situations only the statistical properties of such objects are desired: the three-dimensional probability density function. This article demonstrates that under special symmetries this ...

Both normality and lognormality appear to be exceptions rather than the rule with respect to those distributions that may properly be inferred from the stochastic properties of the several series. The ...

Building on the widely-used double-lognormal approach by Bahra (1997), this paper presents a multi-lognormal approach with restrictions to extract risk-neutral probability density functions (RNPs) for ...