A parallel circuit is way of connecting components on separate branches, so the current can take different routes around the circuit. The current is different in different parts of a parallel circuit.

To understand a series circuit, visualize it. You can do that by making a drawing. Just draw a box, to start with. This box represents your circuit. Notice there is only one path: the perimeter of the ...

Due to the low current drawing, the circuit can be supplied from 230Vac mains without a transformer. Supply voltage is reduced to 12Vdc by means of C1 reactance, a two diode rectifier cell D1 & D2 and ...