Post-modern portfolio theory uses downside risk to refine portfolio optimization. Learn how PMPT offers an alternative to modern portfolio theory for risk-adjusted returns.

Individual investors typically look at their accounts in terms of profit/loss. For professional portfolio managers, the assumption is that they will make a profit over the long run, so they're ...

Often volatility and risk are considered to be synonymous. However, that’s not the case. Risk is the probability of your portfolio losing value. That could happen due to a variety of reasons both ...