Iron and its alloys, such as steel and cast iron, dominate the modern world, and there's growing demand for iron-derived products. Traditionally, blast furnaces transform iron ore into purified ...
Blast furnace ironmaking has long underpinned primary steel production through the smelting of iron ore in a counter‐current reactor. However, the inherent carbon intensity of this process has ...
Making steel was responsible for about 7% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2020. That’s because steelmakers in countries like China, Japan and South Korea have long relied on fossil fuels like ...